Current · V5 (2025) Syllabus

A · Cellular Physiology

6 objectives · 15 SAQ appearances · 4 VIVA stations

A.iCell Membrane, Nucleus & Mitochondria

Describe the structure and functions of the following cellular components: a. cell membrane b. nucleus c. mitochondria

4 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

Outline the role of other intracellular organelles including: a. golgi apparatus b. ribosomes c. endoplasmic reticulum d. cytoskeleton

No SAQ history No VIVA history

A.iiiCellular Receptors

Outline the classification and function of cellular receptors.

2 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

A.ivCell Membrane Transport

Explain the mechanisms of transport of substances across cell membranes,

6 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

A.vGibbs–Donnan Effect

Describe the Gibbs-Donnan effect.

3 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

A.viCellular Homeostasis & Integrity

Describe the mechanisms by which cells maintain homeostasis and integrity.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

B · Concepts in Pharmacology

18 objectives · 58 SAQ appearances · 63 VIVA stations

8 objectives · 24 SAQ appearances · 29 VIVA stations

B1.iCompartment Models

Explain the single and multiple compartment pharmacokinetic models.

1 SAQ appearance 3 VIVA stations

B1.iiDrug Absorption

Describe the absorption of drugs and factors that influence this.

5 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

B1.iiiDrug Distribution

Describe the distribution of drugs and factors that influence this.

5 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

B1.ivDrug Metabolism & Clearance

Describe the mechanisms of drug metabolism and clearance.

9 SAQ appearances 9 VIVA stations

B1.vEffect-Site Concentration

Describe the concept of effect-site concentration

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

B1.viContext-Sensitive Half-Time

Describe the concept of context sensitive half-time.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

B1.viiBolus vs Continuous Infusion

Compare the kinetics of an intravenous bolus dose (and dosing regimen) and a continuous infusion.

1 SAQ appearance 3 VIVA stations

B1.viiiTherapeutic Drug Monitoring

Explain clinical drug monitoring including the relevance of: a. peak and trough concentrations b. minimum therapeutic concentrations

1 SAQ appearance 2 VIVA stations

3 objectives · 8 SAQ appearances · 21 VIVA stations

B2.iReceptor Theory

With respect to receptor theory, explain the concepts of drug action, including the following: a. law of mass action b. affinity c. association and dissociation constants

1 SAQ appearance 1 VIVA station

B2.iiMechanisms of Drug Action

Explain drug actions with respect to the following: a. enzyme interactions b. physico-chemical interactions c. receptor interactions, including: i. ion channels and fluxes ii…

4 SAQ appearances 7 VIVA stations

B2.iiiDose–Response Relationships

Define and explain dose-effect relationships of drugs, including dose-response curves, with reference to: a. graded and quantal response b. therapeutic index and therapeutic…

3 SAQ appearances 13 VIVA stations

7 objectives · 26 SAQ appearances · 13 VIVA stations

B3.iAdverse Drug Reactions

Classify and describe adverse drug reactions.

4 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

B3.iiDrug Interactions

Classify and describe mechanisms of drug interactions.

3 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

B3.iiiPhysiological Variability in Drug Response

Describe variability in drug responses due to physiological changes with reference to the following: a. extremes of age (neonates, pediatrics and the elderly), b. extremes of…

14 SAQ appearances 9 VIVA stations

B3.ivTachyphylaxis, Tolerance & Dependence

Define tachyphylaxis, tolerance, addiction, dependence and idiosyncrasy.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

B3.vTolerance

Describe the mechanisms of tolerance.

1 SAQ appearance 1 VIVA station

B3.viPharmacogenetics

Outline the relevance of genetics to variability of drug response including the significance of the following pharmacogenetic disorders: a. malignant hyperthermia, b. atypica…

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

B3.viiIsomerism

Explain isomerism and its clinical importance with examples.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

C · Respiratory System

47 objectives · 176 SAQ appearances · 151 VIVA stations

5 objectives · 26 SAQ appearances · 10 VIVA stations

C1.iAirways

Describe the structure and function of the upper and lower airways including the alveolus.

8 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

C1.iiChest Wall & Diaphragm

Describe the structure of the chest wall and diaphragm and relate this to respiratory mechanics.

2 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

C1.iiiPulmonary & Bronchial Circulation

Outline the anatomy of the pulmonary and bronchial circulation.

2 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

C1.ivNeonate vs Adult

Compare and contrast the respiratory systems of the neonate and adult.

3 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

C1.vProcedural Airway & Thoracic Anatomy

Describe the anatomy relevant to the following procedures: a. insertion of an intercostal catheter, b. endotracheal intubation, c. cricothyroidotomy, d. percutaneous tracheos…

11 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

2 objectives · 12 SAQ appearances · 4 VIVA stations

C2.iControl of Breathing

Describe the control of breathing and the factors that affect it.

12 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

C2.iiVentilatory Response Curves

Describe the oxygen and carbon dioxide response curves, including how these may be used to assess the control of ventilation.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

10 objectives · 22 SAQ appearances · 28 VIVA stations

C3.iInspiration & Expiration

Describe the process of inspiration and expiration including the changes in the chest wall, diaphragm, pleura, and lung parenchyma.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

C3.iiPressure–Volume Relationships

Describe the pressure-volume relationships of the respiratory system.

No SAQ history 4 VIVA stations

C3.iiiCompliance

Define and describe compliance (static, dynamic, and specific) including the factors that affect it and its measurement.

6 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

C3.ivElastic Properties & Compliance

Relate compliance to the elastic properties of the respiratory system.

6 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

C3.vPressure–Flow & Flow–Volume

Describe the pressure-flow and flow-volume relationships of the lung.

No SAQ history 2 VIVA stations

C3.viAirway Resistance

Define and describe airway resistance and the factors that affect it.

5 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

C3.viiTime Constants

Explain the concept of time constants in relation to lung mechanics and ventilation.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

C3.viiiPleural Pressure Gradient & Position

Explain the vertical gradient of pleural pressure, its significance and the effect of positioning.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

C3.ixSurfactant

Describe surfactant including its production, composition and role.

1 SAQ appearance 1 VIVA station

C3.xWork of Breathing

Define and describe the work of breathing and its components.

2 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

3 objectives · 8 SAQ appearances · 13 VIVA stations

C4.iLung Volumes & Capacities

State the normal values of lung volumes and capacities.

1 SAQ appearance 6 VIVA stations

C4.iiFunctional Residual Capacity

Define the functional residual capacity of the lung and: a. describe its clinical significance, b. describe the factors that affect it, c. explain how it is measured.

5 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

C4.iiiClosing Capacity

Define the closing capacity of the lung and: a. describe the clinical significance, b. describe the factors that affect it, c. explain how it is measured.

2 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

3 objectives · 8 SAQ appearances · 6 VIVA stations

C5.iPulmonary Circulation Regulation

Describe the regulation of the pulmonary circulation including the role of endogenous nitric oxide.

5 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

C5.iiPulmonary Vascular Resistance

Define and describe pulmonary vascular resistance and the factors that affect it.

2 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

C5.iiiPulmonary vs Systemic Circulation

Compare and contrast the pulmonary and systemic circulations.

1 SAQ appearance 2 VIVA stations

4 objectives · 9 SAQ appearances · 15 VIVA stations

C6.iV/Q Relationships & West Zones

Describe the concepts of global and regional ventilation and perfusion and: a. describe the factors that affect these concepts, b. describe the West's zones of the lung and e…

4 SAQ appearances 7 VIVA stations

C6.iiDead Space

Define dead space and: a. describe its components, b. explain how these may be measured, c. describe the physiological impact of increased dead space.

3 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

C6.iiiShunt

Explain the concept of shunt and: a. the physiological effects of shunt, b. how shunt may be measured.

No SAQ history 2 VIVA stations

C6.ivVenous Admixture

Define venous admixture and describe its relationship to shunt and V/Q mismatch.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

6 objectives · 22 SAQ appearances · 17 VIVA stations

C7.iOxygen Transport

Describe the movement of oxygen from the atmosphere to the cell including detail on oxygen carriage in the blood.

7 SAQ appearances 12 VIVA stations

C7.iiOxyhaemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Explain the oxy-haemoglobin dissociation curve and factors that may alter it.

1 SAQ appearance 2 VIVA stations

C7.iiiCarbon Dioxide Transport

Describe the movement of carbon dioxide from the cell to the atmosphere including detail on carbon dioxide carriage in the blood.

10 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

C7.ivCarbon Dioxide Dissociation Curve

Explain the carbon dioxide dissociation curve and factors that may alter it.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

C7.vDiffusing Capacity

Define diffusing capacity and explain its measurement.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

C7.viDiffusion- vs Perfusion-Limited Transfer

Explain perfusion-limited and diffusion-limited transfer of gases and the consequences of each.

3 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

6 objectives · 27 SAQ appearances · 23 VIVA stations

C8.iIPPV & PEEP

Describe the physiological consequences of intermittent positive pressure ventilation and positive end- expiratory pressure.

5 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

C8.iiOxygen & Carbon Dioxide Disturbances

Explain the physiological effects of the following: a. hyperoxaemia, b. hypoxaemia, c. hypercapnoea, d. hypocapnoea.

9 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

C8.iiiRespiratory Adaptation & Critical Illness

Explain the effects on respiratory anatomy and physiology of the following: a. extremes of age, b. extremes of body size including obesity, c. pregnancy, d. critical illness…

7 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

C8.ivNon-Ventilatory Lung Functions

Outline the non-ventilatory functions of the lungs.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

C8.vHumidification

Describe the humidification of inhaled air and its importance.

3 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

C8.viCough Reflex

Describe the cough reflex including the relevant pathways and its role.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

3 objectives · 23 SAQ appearances · 23 VIVA stations

C9.iBlood Gas & Oximetry Measurement

Describe the measurement of the partial pressure of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide and oxy-haemoglobin and/or deoxy-haemoglobin saturation including: a. methods of measurement;…

10 SAQ appearances 13 VIVA stations

C9.iiCapnography

Describe the measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide including: a. methods of measurement; qualitative and quantitative capnography, b. limitations and potential sources of err…

11 SAQ appearances 6 VIVA stations

C9.iiiPulmonary Function Tests

Describe the measurement and interpretation of pulmonary function tests.

2 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

5 objectives · 19 SAQ appearances · 12 VIVA stations

C10.iOxygen

Understand the pharmacology of oxygen.

4 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

C10.iiOxygen Delivery

Understand the methods of oxygen delivery including: a. high-flow nasal oxygen, b. non-rebreather mask, c. venturi mask, d. hudson mask, e. low flow nasal cannula.

No SAQ history 6 VIVA stations

C10.iiiBronchodilators

Understand the pharmacology of bronchodilator drugs and methods of delivery.

8 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

C10.ivInhaled Pulmonary Vasodilators

Understand the pharmacology of inhaled pulmonary vasodilator drugs.

4 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

C10.vHumidification Devices

Understand methods of humidification including: a. passive – heat and moisture exchange devices, b. active – heated humidification devices.

3 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

D · Cardiovascular System

32 objectives · 187 SAQ appearances · 162 VIVA stations

5 objectives · 25 SAQ appearances · 8 VIVA stations

D1.iHeart Anatomy

Describe the anatomy of the heart including the chambers, valves and pericardium.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

D1.iiCoronary Anatomy

Describe the anatomy of the coronary circulation.

7 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

D1.iiiCardiac Conduction System

Describe the structure of the excitatory elements of the heart including: a. Sino-atrial node, b. Atrio-ventricular node, c. Bundle of His, d. Purkinje Fibres. e. anatomical…

4 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

D1.ivArterial Cannulation Anatomy

Describe the anatomy relevant to arterial cannulation of the following: a. Radial artery, b. Femoral artery, c. Brachial artery, d. Dorsalis Pedis artery.

2 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

D1.vCentral Venous Cannulation Anatomy

Describe the anatomy relevant to central venous cannulation of the following: a. Femoral vein, b. Internal jugular vein, c. Subclavian vein, d. the antecubital fossa and uppe…

10 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

2 objectives · 14 SAQ appearances · 11 VIVA stations

D2.iCardiac Electrophysiology

Explain the ionic basis and processes involved in the following: a. automaticity of cardiac pacemaker cells, b. excitation and relaxation of cardiac pacemaker cells, c. excit…

8 SAQ appearances 9 VIVA stations

D2.iiElectrical–Mechanical Cardiac Cycle

Correlate the mechanical events of the cardiac cycle with the electrical and ionic events described above.

6 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

8 objectives · 29 SAQ appearances · 36 VIVA stations

D3.iCardiac Cycle Pressure & Flow

Describe the normal pressure and flow patterns of the cardiac cycle.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

D3.iiCardiac Output Determinants

Define cardiac output, its components and describe the determinants of each.

17 SAQ appearances 11 VIVA stations

D3.iiiCardiac Reflexes

Describe the cardiac reflexes including; a. Baroreceptor reflex, b. Chemoreceptor reflex, c. Bainbridge reflex, d. Treppe (Bowditch) effect, e. Anrep effect.

2 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

D3.ivFrank–Starling Mechanism

Explain the Frank-Starling mechanism and its relationship to excitation-contraction coupling.

No SAQ history 2 VIVA stations

D3.vMyocardial Oxygen Supply & Demand

Describe myocardial oxygen demand and supply and the factors that may alter each.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

D3.viCardiac Output & Vascular Function Curves

Explain the cardiac output and vascular function curves and their correlation.

No SAQ history 4 VIVA stations

D3.viiVentricular Pressure–Volume Loops

Explain the pressure-volume relationships of the left and right ventricles and the clinical applications.

2 SAQ appearances 14 VIVA stations

D3.viiiVenous Oxygen Saturation

Describe the factors that affect central venous and mixed venous oxygen saturation.

4 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

6 objectives · 17 SAQ appearances · 12 VIVA stations

D4.iSystemic Blood Pressure Regulation

Explain the factors that determine systemic blood pressure and its regulation.

4 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

D4.iiPulse Pressure Variation

Describe the physiological factors that may contribute to pulse variations in blood pressure.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

D4.iiiSystemic Vascular Resistance

Describe total peripheral vascular resistance and the factors that affect it.

3 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

D4.ivCoronary Circulation Regulation

Describe the regulation of the coronary circulation.

5 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

D4.vCapillary Microcirculation

Describe the features of the capillary microcirculation, including mechanisms of fluid exchange and its regulatory controls.

4 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

D4.viSpecialised Microcirculations

Contrast the capillary microcirculations of specialised vascular beds including, but not limited to, the pulmonary and renal capillary networks.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

2 objectives · 25 SAQ appearances · 16 VIVA stations

D5.iCardiovascular Adaptation & Critical Illness

Explain the cardiovascular changes and compensatory responses in the following contexts: a. changes in posture – lying, sitting and standing, b. hypovolaemia, c. following a…

19 SAQ appearances 12 VIVA stations

D5.iiIPPV, PEEP & Valsalva

Explain the physiological consequences of the following on the cardiovascular system: a. intermittent positive pressure ventilation, b. positive end-expiratory pressure, c. t…

6 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

5 objectives · 21 SAQ appearances · 39 VIVA stations

D6.iECG

Describe the principles and interpretation of the electrocardiogram (ECG) including: a. methods of measurement including the components of the ECG, b. limitations and potenti…

4 SAQ appearances 12 VIVA stations

D6.iiBlood Pressure Monitoring

Describe the measurement and interpretation of blood pressure monitoring including: a. methods of measurement; invasive and non-invasive, b. limitations and potential sources…

8 SAQ appearances 11 VIVA stations

D6.iiiCVP Monitoring

Describe the measurement and interpretation of central venous pressure monitoring including: a. method of measurement, b. limitations and potential sources of error, c. metho…

2 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

D6.ivCardiac Output Monitoring

Describe the measurement and interpretation of cardiac output monitoring including: a. methods of measurement, b. limitations and potential sources of error, c. methods used…

3 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

D6.vUltrasound & Doppler

Outline the principles of ultrasound including: a. The generation and detection of the ultrasound, b. The role of the following on the image produced: i. transducer propertie…

4 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

4 objectives · 56 SAQ appearances · 40 VIVA stations

D7.iInotropes & Vasopressors

Understand the pharmacology of inotropes and vasopressors.

22 SAQ appearances 14 VIVA stations

D7.iiAdrenergic Structure–Activity Relationships

Describe the structure-activity relationships of adrenergic drugs.

No SAQ history 3 VIVA stations

D7.iiiAntihypertensives

Understand the pharmacology of anti-hypertensive drugs.

21 SAQ appearances 10 VIVA stations

D7.ivAntiarrhythmics

Understand the pharmacology of anti-arrhythmic drugs.

13 SAQ appearances 13 VIVA stations

E · Renal System

11 objectives · 65 SAQ appearances · 61 VIVA stations

6 objectives · 43 SAQ appearances · 42 VIVA stations

E1.iKidney & Nephron Anatomy

Outline the anatomy of the kidneys with particular focus on the functional unit, the nephron.

3 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

E1.iiKidney Functions

Outline the functions of the kidney.

4 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

E1.iiiRenal Blood Flow

Describe renal blood flow and its regulation.

7 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

E1.ivGlomerular Filtration

Describe glomerular filtration and its regulation

6 SAQ appearances 7 VIVA stations

E1.vTubular Function & Countercurrent Mechanisms

Describe the functions of the renal tubules and collecting ducts including the counter-current mechanisms.

21 SAQ appearances 17 VIVA stations

E1.viRenal Dysfunction

Outline the physiological changes associated with renal dysfunction and their effects.

2 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

3 objectives · 9 SAQ appearances · 5 VIVA stations

E2.iDialysis & Filtration

Outline the principles of dialysis and filtration.

4 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

E2.iiGFR & Renal Blood Flow Measurement

Outline the principles of measurement of glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

E2.iiiBiochemical Renal Function

Outline the utility of biochemical estimates of renal function, including but not limited to the measurement of serum creatinine and estimates of creatinine clearance such as…

3 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

2 objectives · 13 SAQ appearances · 14 VIVA stations

E3.iDiuretics

Understand the pharmacology of diuretics.

10 SAQ appearances 14 VIVA stations

E3.iiRenal Replacement Fluid

Understand the pharmacology of renal replacement fluid.

3 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

F · Body Fluids and Electrolytes

8 objectives · 51 SAQ appearances · 53 VIVA stations

5 objectives · 35 SAQ appearances · 46 VIVA stations

F1.iOsmosis & Colloid Osmotic Pressure

Define and describe osmosis, colloid osmotic pressure and reflection coefficients including the factors that determine them.

2 SAQ appearances 9 VIVA stations

F1.iiBody Fluid Compartments

Explain the composition and distribution of body fluid.

7 SAQ appearances 6 VIVA stations

F1.iiiPlasma Osmolality

Define and describe osmolality and explain the regulation of plasma osmolality.

5 SAQ appearances 9 VIVA stations

F1.ivLymph

Outline the production, composition, circulation, and functions of lymph.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

F1.vElectrolyte Regulation

Describe the distribution, regulation and physiological importance of the following ions; a. calcium, b. chloride, c. magnesium, d. potassium, e. phosphate, f. sodium.

20 SAQ appearances 22 VIVA stations

3 objectives · 16 SAQ appearances · 7 VIVA stations

F2.iCrystalloids

Understand the pharmacology of crystalloids.

6 SAQ appearances 6 VIVA stations

F2.iiAlbumin

Understand the pharmacology of albumin colloid solutions.

3 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

F2.iiiElectrolyte & Buffer Solutions

Understand the pharmacology of supplemental electrolyte and buffer solutions.

7 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

G · Acid–Base

5 objectives · 15 SAQ appearances · 52 VIVA stations

4 objectives · 13 SAQ appearances · 25 VIVA stations

G1.ipH Regulation

Explain the regulation of plasma and cellular pH and their importance.

4 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

G1.iiAcid–Base Disturbances

Explain the physiological basis of acid-base disturbances.

2 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

G1.iiiBuffer Systems

Describe the buffer mechanisms in the body including their chemistry and role.

6 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

G1.ivHenderson–Hasselbalch vs Stewart

Explain the traditional (Henderson-Hasselbach) and physico-chemical (Stewart) approaches to acid-base interpretation.

1 SAQ appearance 10 VIVA stations

1 objective · 2 SAQ appearances · 27 VIVA stations

G2.iBlood Gas Analysis

Describe the measurement and interpretation of the blood gas samples including: a. normal and abnormal arterial and venous blood gas samples b. relevant physiological and mea…

2 SAQ appearances 27 VIVA stations

H · Nervous System including autonomic and pain

27 objectives · 158 SAQ appearances · 119 VIVA stations

5 objectives · 17 SAQ appearances · 6 VIVA stations

H1.iCranial Nerves & Brainstem Reflexes

Describe the anatomy of the cranial nerves relevant to brainstem reflexes.

2 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

H1.iiCerebral & Spinal Circulation Anatomy

Describe the anatomy of the cerebral and spinal cord circulations.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

H1.iiiCSF Circulation Anatomy

Describe the anatomy relevant to the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

8 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

H1.ivSensory & Motor Pathways

Outline the major sensory and motor pathways and their course from the periphery to cortex.

3 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

H1.vLumbar Puncture Anatomy

Describe the anatomy relevant to performing a lumbar puncture.

4 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

7 objectives · 34 SAQ appearances · 33 VIVA stations

H2.iIntracranial Pressure

Explain the determinants of intracranial pressure.

6 SAQ appearances 7 VIVA stations

H2.iiCerebral & Spinal Blood Flow

Describe the regulation of the cerebral and spinal cord circulations.

7 SAQ appearances 16 VIVA stations

H2.iiiCerebrospinal Fluid

Describe the production, composition, regulation and role of cerebrospinal fluid.

11 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

H2.ivBlood–Brain Barrier

Describe the blood brain barrier including the structure, function and relevant transport mechanisms.

4 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

H2.vNerve Fibre Classification

Describe the classification of nerve fibre types and outline the differences in their features.

1 SAQ appearance 1 VIVA station

H2.viNeural Electrophysiology

Explain the basic electro-physiology of neural tissue, including conduction of nerve impulses, role of myelin and synaptic functions.

3 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

H2.viiNeurotransmitters

Classify and outline the major endogenous neurotransmitters of the nervous system including their role, receptor(s) and distribution.

2 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

4 objectives · 23 SAQ appearances · 11 VIVA stations

H3.iAutonomic Nervous System Anatomy

Outline the anatomy of the autonomic nervous system including: a. the cortical, brainstem and/or spinal cord origin(s), b. major plexus and ganglions, c. fibre types and neur…

9 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

H3.iiAutonomic Receptors

Describe the receptors of the autonomic nervous system including their subtypes and their pre- or post- ganglionic location and function.

8 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

H3.iiiAutonomic Neurotransmitters

Describe the major neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system including their synthesis, release and fate.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

H3.ivAutonomic End-Organ Effects

Explain the end-organ innervation and effects of the autonomic nervous system.

4 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

2 objectives · 10 SAQ appearances · 17 VIVA stations

H4.iPain Pathways & Modulation

Define and describe pain, including: a. peripheral nociception and sensitization, b. pain sensation conduction and pathways c. receptors and mediators involved in pain sensat…

6 SAQ appearances 12 VIVA stations

H4.iiOpioid & NMDA Receptors

Describe the classification (where relevant), distribution and role in pain sensation of: a. opioid receptors, b. NMDA receptors.

4 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

1 objective · 4 SAQ appearances · 0 VIVA stations

H5.iICP Monitoring

Describe the measurement and interpretation of intracranial pressure including: a. methods of measurement, b. limitations and potential sources of error, c. methods used to m…

4 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

8 objectives · 70 SAQ appearances · 52 VIVA stations

H6.iSedatives & Hypnotics

Understand the pharmacology of hypnotic and/or sedative drugs.

16 SAQ appearances 16 VIVA stations

H6.iiLocal Anaesthetics

Understand the pharmacology of local anaesthetic drugs.

7 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

H6.iiiAnalgesics

Understand the pharmacology of analgesic drugs.

27 SAQ appearances 22 VIVA stations

H6.ivAntidepressants

Understand the pharmacology of anti-depressant drugs.

3 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

H6.vAntipsychotics

Understand the pharmacology of anti-psychotic drugs.

3 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

H6.viAnticonvulsants

Understand the pharmacology of anti-convulsant drugs.

8 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

H6.viiNeuraxial Drug Pharmacokinetics

Describe the pharmacokinetics of drugs used in the epidural and subarachnoid space.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

H6.viiiAutonomic Drugs & Toxins

Understand the pharmacology of drugs and/or toxins acting upon the autonomic nervous system.

5 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

I · Musculoskeletal System

8 objectives · 26 SAQ appearances · 34 VIVA stations

6 objectives · 11 SAQ appearances · 15 VIVA stations

I1.iMuscle Anatomy

Describe the anatomy of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle.

2 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

I1.iiMuscle Physiology

Describe the physiology of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle including excitation-contraction coupling.

6 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

I1.iiiNeuromuscular Junction

Describe the structure and physiology of the neuromuscular junction including receptors present.

2 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

I1.ivMotor Units

Explain the concept of motor units.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

I1.vLength–Tension Relationship

Describe the relationship between muscle length and tension.

1 SAQ appearance 1 VIVA station

I1.viStretch Reflex, Twitch & Tetany

Describe the mechanism of the following a. monosynaptic stretch reflex, b. single twitch, c. tetany.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

1 objective · 0 SAQ appearances · 5 VIVA stations

I2.iNeuromuscular Blockade Monitoring

Outline the monitoring of neuromuscular blockade.

No SAQ history 5 VIVA stations

1 objective · 15 SAQ appearances · 14 VIVA stations

I3.iNeuromuscular Blockers & Reversal

Understand the pharmacology of neuromuscular blocking drugs and their reversal agents.

15 SAQ appearances 14 VIVA stations

J · Gastrointestinal System

18 objectives · 55 SAQ appearances · 42 VIVA stations

7 objectives · 20 SAQ appearances · 13 VIVA stations

J1.iGastrointestinal Blood Supply

Outline the blood supply of the gastrointestinal system.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

J1.iiGastrointestinal Secretions

Describe the composition, volumes, and regulation of gastrointestinal secretions.

2 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

J1.iiiGI Motility & Lower Oesophageal Sphincter

Describe the control of gastrointestinal motility, including lower oesophageal sphincter function.

7 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

J1.ivNausea & Vomiting

Describe the mechanisms of nausea and vomiting.

3 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

J1.vExocrine Pancreas

Describe the exocrine functions of the pancreas.

4 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

J1.viMacronutrient Digestion & Absorption

Outline the digestion and absorption of fat, protein, and carbohydrates.

2 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

J1.viiWater, Electrolyte & Vitamin Absorption

Outline the absorption of water, electrolytes, and vitamins throughout the gastrointestinal system.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

5 objectives · 19 SAQ appearances · 20 VIVA stations

J2.iLiver Anatomy & Acinus

Describe the anatomy of the liver with particular focus on the functional unit, the acinus.

No SAQ history 8 VIVA stations

J2.iiHepatic Blood Flow

Describe the blood supply of the liver and its regulation.

5 SAQ appearances 6 VIVA stations

J2.iiiLiver Functions

Describe the functions of the liver.

10 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

J2.ivBile

Describe the physiology of bile including composition, circulation and regulation.

3 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

J2.vLiver Dysfunction

Outline the physiological changes associated with liver dysfunction and their effects.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

2 objectives · 2 SAQ appearances · 0 VIVA stations

J3.iLiver Function Tests

Describe the laboratory assessment of liver function.

2 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

J3.iiIntra-Abdominal Pressure

Outline the measurement and interpretation of intra-abdominal pressure including: a. methods of measurement, b. limitations and potential sources of error of each.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

4 objectives · 14 SAQ appearances · 9 VIVA stations

J4.iGastric Acid Suppression

Understand the pharmacology of drugs that increase gastric fluid pH.

4 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

J4.iiAntiemetics

Understand the pharmacology of drugs with anti-emetic activity.

6 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

J4.iiiGI Motility Drugs

Understand the pharmacology of drugs that affect gastrointestinal motility.

4 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

J4.ivDrugs in Liver Failure

Understand the pharmacology of drugs used in liver failure.

No SAQ history 2 VIVA stations

K · Nutrition and Metabolism

9 objectives · 28 SAQ appearances · 22 VIVA stations

5 objectives · 22 SAQ appearances · 22 VIVA stations

K1.iNutritional Requirements

Describe normal nutritional requirements, including vitamins and trace elements.

2 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

K1.iiBasal Metabolic Rate

Define basal metabolic rate and outline the factors that influence it.

3 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

K1.iiiMacronutrient Metabolism

Describe the cellular metabolism of fat, carbohydrate, and protein.

12 SAQ appearances 10 VIVA stations

K1.ivAerobic vs Anaerobic Metabolism

Outline aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

K1.vLactate & Ketones

Outline the synthesis, role and metabolism of the following substances; a. lactate, b. ketones.

4 SAQ appearances 6 VIVA stations

1 objective · 3 SAQ appearances · 0 VIVA stations

K2.iMetabolic Rate & Nutritional Assessment

Describe the measurement of metabolic rate and nutritional requirements including: a. methods of measurement and/or estimation, b. limitations and potential sources of error.

3 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

3 objectives · 3 SAQ appearances · 0 VIVA stations

K3.iEnteral Nutrition

Understand the pharmacology of enteral nutrition.

2 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

K3.iiParenteral Nutrition

Understand the pharmacology of parenteral nutrition.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

K3.iiiVitamins & Trace Elements

Understand the pharmacology of vitamins and trace elements.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

L · Endocrine System

11 objectives · 41 SAQ appearances · 53 VIVA stations

6 objectives · 25 SAQ appearances · 41 VIVA stations

L1.iPancreatic Endocrine Function

Describe the endocrine secretions of the pancreas including their regulation and function.

1 SAQ appearance 9 VIVA stations

L1.iiBlood Glucose Regulation

Describe the control of blood glucose including effects of fasting and response to a glucose load.

5 SAQ appearances 14 VIVA stations

L1.iiiHypothalamus & Pituitary

Outline the endocrine secretions of the pituitary and hypothalamus including their regulation and function.

7 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

L1.ivThyroid

Outline the endocrine secretions of the thyroid including their regulation and function.

3 SAQ appearances 6 VIVA stations

L1.vKidney & Adrenal Endocrine Function

Outline the endocrine secretions of the kidney and adrenal gland including their regulation and function.

5 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

L1.viCalcium Regulation

Outline the control of plasma calcium.

4 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

5 objectives · 16 SAQ appearances · 12 VIVA stations

L2.iGlucocorticoids

Understand the pharmacology of glucocorticoids.

6 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

L2.iiMineralocorticoids

Understand the pharmacology of mineralocorticoids.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

L2.iiiHypoglycaemic Drugs

Understand the pharmacology of hypoglycaemic drugs.

4 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

L2.ivGlucagon

Understand the pharmacology of glucagon.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

L2.vVasopressin & Analogues

Understand the pharmacology of vasopressin and its analogues.

6 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

M · Thermoregulation

5 objectives · 25 SAQ appearances · 13 VIVA stations

4 objectives · 23 SAQ appearances · 8 VIVA stations

M1.iHeat & Temperature Concepts

Define and describe the following: a. heat b. temperature c. normal body temperature d. inter-threshold range e. thermoneutral zone

8 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

M1.iiHeat Transfer

Outline the mechanisms for heat transfer between the body and the environment.

4 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

M1.iiiThermoregulation

Explain the mechanisms by which body temperature is detected and regulated.

5 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

M1.ivHypothermia & Hyperthermia

Explain the physiological effects and responses to hypothermia and hyperthermia.

6 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

1 objective · 2 SAQ appearances · 5 VIVA stations

M2.iTemperature Measurement

Describe the measurement of body temperature including: a. methods of measurement – invasive and non-invasive, electrical and non-electrical, b. limitations and potential sou…

2 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

N · Haematological and Immunological System

15 objectives · 86 SAQ appearances · 65 VIVA stations

6 objectives · 32 SAQ appearances · 35 VIVA stations

N1.iBlood & Plasma Components

Outline the components of blood and plasma including their synthesis and function.

15 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

N1.iiRBC, Haemoglobin & Platelet Clearance

Outline the degradation, metabolism and clearance of: a. red blood cells, b. haemoglobin, c. platelets.

2 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

N1.iiiBlood Groups

Explain the classification of blood groups including ABO and rhesus factor.

3 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

N1.ivHaemostasis, Coagulation & Fibrinolysis

Describe the process and regulation of haemostasis, coagulation and fibrinolysis.

8 SAQ appearances 17 VIVA stations

N1.vAntithrombotic Mechanisms

Describe the mechanisms of preventing thrombosis including endothelial factors and natural anticoagulants.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

N1.viAnaemia

Explain the physiological consequences of acute and chronic anaemia.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

4 objectives · 19 SAQ appearances · 12 VIVA stations

N2.iNon-Immune Host Defences

Outline the non-immune host defenses used to defend against infection.

3 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

N2.iiInnate & Adaptive Immunity

Outline innate and acquired immunity including how these systems interact in the immune response.

7 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

N2.iiiInflammation & Immune Response

Describe the factors involved in the initiation and resolution of inflammation and the immune response.

2 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

N2.ivHypersensitivity & Anaphylaxis

Explain the immunological basis of hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis in detail

7 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

2 objectives · 4 SAQ appearances · 4 VIVA stations

N3.iCoagulation & Viscoelastic Testing

Describe the methods for assessing coagulation, including viscoelastic assays.

3 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

N3.iiPlatelet Function Testing

Outline the methods for assessing platelet function.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

3 objectives · 31 SAQ appearances · 14 VIVA stations

N4.iAnticoagulants, Antiplatelets & Fibrinolytics

Understand the pharmacology of drugs that affect coagulation including: a. anti-coagulants and their reversal agents where relevant, b. anti-platelet drugs, c. fibrinolytic d…

24 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

N4.iiBlood & Plasma Products

Understand the pharmacology of blood and plasma products including: a. preparation, b. typing and cross matching, c. storage and effects of storage.

2 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

N4.iiiTransfusion Adverse Effects

Describe the adverse consequences of blood transfusion, including massive transfusion.

5 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

O · Microbiology

8 objectives · 36 SAQ appearances · 28 VIVA stations

3 objectives · 5 SAQ appearances · 11 VIVA stations

O1.iBacteria

Describe the classification of bacteria.

4 SAQ appearances 9 VIVA stations

O1.iiViruses

Outline the classification of viruses.

1 SAQ appearance 1 VIVA station

O1.iiiFungi

Outline the classification of fungi.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

5 objectives · 31 SAQ appearances · 17 VIVA stations

O2.iAntibacterials

Outline the classification and understand the pharmacology of antibacterial agents.

20 SAQ appearances 14 VIVA stations

O2.iiAntimicrobial Resistance

Explain the principles of antimicrobial resistance.

6 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

O2.iiiAntivirals

Outline the classification and understand the pharmacology of antiviral agents.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

O2.ivAntifungals

Outline the classification and understand the pharmacology of antifungal agents.

3 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

O2.vAntiseptics & Disinfectants

Outline the pharmacology of antiseptics and disinfectants.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

P · Obstetrics and Neonatal

11 objectives · 32 SAQ appearances · 27 VIVA stations

4 objectives · 18 SAQ appearances · 7 VIVA stations

P1.iPhysiological Changes in Pregnancy

Describe the physiological changes during pregnancy.

14 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

P1.iiParturition

Outline the physiological changes during parturition.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

P1.iiiUteroplacental Blood Flow

Describe utero-placental blood flow and its regulation.

3 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

P1.ivPosture & Aortocaval Compression

Describe the physiological consequences of changes in posture during pregnancy including the consequences of aorto-caval compression.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

6 objectives · 12 SAQ appearances · 19 VIVA stations

P2.iPlacental Functions

Outline the functions of the placenta.

3 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

P2.iiFoetal Circulation

Describe the foetal circulation.

1 SAQ appearance 3 VIVA stations

P2.iiiFoetoplacental Blood Flow

Describe foetal-placental blood flow and its regulation.

No SAQ history 3 VIVA stations

P2.ivFoetal Haemoglobin

Describe the structure, characteristics and function of foetal haemoglobin.

3 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

P2.vPlacental Transfer

Describe the transfer of substances across the placenta including the double Bohr and Haldane effects.

4 SAQ appearances 6 VIVA stations

P2.viTransition at Birth

Describe the circulatory and respiratory changes that occur at or soon after birth including: a. the transition from foetal to neonatal circulation, b. the establishment of v…

1 SAQ appearance 5 VIVA stations

1 objective · 2 SAQ appearances · 1 VIVA station

P3.iOxytocics & Tocolytics

Understand the pharmacology of oxytocic and tocolytic drugs.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

Q · Antidotes and decontaminating agents

1 objective · 4 SAQ appearances · 3 VIVA stations

Q.iAntidotes & Decontamination

Understand the pharmacology of antidotes and decontaminating agents not listed elsewhere.

4 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

First Part Syllabus

A · Cellular Physiology

▾ Cellular Physiology

B · Concepts in Pharmacology

▾ B1 · Pharmacokinetics

▾ B2 · Pharmacodynamics

▾ B3 · Variability of Drug Response

C · Respiratory System

▾ C1 · Anatomy of the Respiratory System

▾ C2 · Control of Ventilation

▾ C3 · Mechanics of Breathing

▾ C4 · Lung Volumes and Capacities

▾ C5 · Pulmonary Circulation

▾ C6 · Ventilation-Perfusion (V/Q) Relationships

▾ C7 · Gas Transport and Diffusion

▾ C8 · Applied Respiratory Physiology

▾ C9 · Respiratory Measurement

▾ C10 · Respiratory Pharmacology and Equipment

D · Cardiovascular System

▾ D1 · Cardiovascular Anatomy

▾ D2 · Electrical Properties of the Heart

▾ D3 · Determinants and Control of Cardiac Output

▾ D4 · The Peripheral Circulation

▾ D5 · Applied Cardiovascular Physiology

▾ D6 · Cardiovascular Measurement

▾ D7 · Cardiovascular Pharmacology

E · Renal System

▾ E1 · Renal Anatomy and Physiology

▾ E2 · Renal Equipment and Measurement

▾ E3 · Renal Pharmacology

F · Body Fluids and Electrolytes

▾ F1 · Physiology of Body Fluids and Electrolytes

▾ F2 · Intravenous Fluid Pharmacology

G · Acid–Base

▾ G1 · Acid Base Physiology

▾ G2 · Acid Base Measurement

H · Nervous System including autonomic and pain

▾ H1 · Nervous System Anatomy

▾ H2 · Nervous System Physiology

▾ H3 · Autonomic Nervous System Anatomy and Physiology

▾ H4 · Pain Physiology

▾ H5 · Nervous System Measurement

▾ H6 · Neuropharmacology

I · Musculoskeletal System

▾ I1 · Musculoskeletal System Anatomy and Physiology

▾ I2 · Neuromuscular Measurement

▾ I3 · Neuromuscular Pharmacology

J · Gastrointestinal System

▾ J1 · Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology

▾ J2 · Liver Anatomy and Physiology

▾ J3 · Gastrointestinal Measurement

▾ J4 · Gastrointestinal Pharmacology

K · Nutrition and Metabolism

▾ K1 · Nutrition and Metabolism Physiology

▾ K2 · Nutrition and Metabolism Measurement

▾ K3 · Nutrition and Metabolism Pharmacology

L · Endocrine System

▾ L1 · Endocrine Physiology

▾ L2 · Endocrine Pharmacology

M · Thermoregulation

▾ M1 · Temperature Physiology

▾ M2 · Temperature Measurement

N · Haematological and Immunological System

▾ N1 · Physiology of Haematological System

▾ N2 · Physiology of Immunological System

▾ N3 · Haematological Measurement

▾ N4 · Haematological Pharmacology

O · Microbiology

▾ O1 · General Microbiology

▾ O2 · Antimicrobial Pharmacology

P · Obstetrics and Neonatal

▾ P1 · Obstetric Anatomy and Physiology

▾ P2 · Neonatal Anatomy and Physiology

▾ P3 · Obstetric and Neonatal Pharmacology

Q · Antidotes and decontaminating agents

▾ Antidotes and decontaminating agents