Historical · V4 (2023) Syllabus

A · Pharmaceutics

1 objective · 1 SAQ appearance · 1 VIVA station

Describe the pharmaceutics and formulation of drugs including packaging, formulation, isomerism, compatibility, and excipients (additives) as they pertain to level 1 drugs.

1 SAQ appearance 1 VIVA station

B · Pharmacokinetics

8 objectives · 20 SAQ appearances · 31 VIVA stations

B.iPharmacokinetics

Explain single and multiple compartment models.

No SAQ history 4 VIVA stations

B.iiPharmacokinetics

Describe the absorption of drugs and factors that influence this.

5 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

B.iiiPharmacokinetics

Describe the distribution of drugs and factors that influence this.

3 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

B.ivPharmacokinetics

Describe the mechanisms of drug metabolism and clearance.

8 SAQ appearances 9 VIVA stations

B.vPharmacokinetics

Explain the kinetics of an intravenous bolus and infusion.

1 SAQ appearance 4 VIVA stations

B.viPharmacokinetics

Describe the concepts of effect-site concentration and context sensitive half-time.

1 SAQ appearance 2 VIVA stations

B.viiPharmacokinetics

Explain clinical drug monitoring with regard to peak and trough concentrations, minimum therapeutic concentration and toxicity.

1 SAQ appearance 2 VIVA stations

B.viiiPharmacokinetics

Describe the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the epidural and subarachnoid space.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

C · Pharmacodynamics

5 objectives · 6 SAQ appearances · 23 VIVA stations

C.iPharmacodynamics

Explain the concept of drug action with respect to receptor theory.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

C.iiPharmacodynamics

Define and explain dose-effect relationships of drugs, including dose-response curves with reference to: • graded and quantal response • therapeutic index • potency and effic…

3 SAQ appearances 13 VIVA stations

C.iiiPharmacodynamics

Explain the concept of drug action with respect to: • enzyme interactions • physico-chemical interactions

1 SAQ appearance 3 VIVA stations

C.ivPharmacodynamics

Explain receptor activity with regard to: • ion fluxes • second messengers and G proteins • nucleic acid synthesis • regulation of receptor number and activity • structural r…

1 SAQ appearance 6 VIVA stations

C.vPharmacodynamics

Explain the Law of Mass Action and describe the affinity and dissociation constants.

1 SAQ appearance 1 VIVA station

D · Variability in Drug Response

8 objectives · 17 SAQ appearances · 10 VIVA stations

D.iVariability in Drug Response

Classify and describe adverse drug reactions.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

D.iiVariability in Drug Response

Classify and describe mechanisms of drug interactions.

3 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

D.iiiVariability in Drug Response

Describe variability in drug responses due to physiological changes with reference to neonates/infants, the elderly, pregnancy, and obesity.

7 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

D.ivVariability in Drug Response

Describe variability in drug responses due to critical illness.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

D.vVariability in Drug Response

Define tachyphylaxis, tolerance, addiction, dependence, and idiosyncrasy.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

D.viVariability in Drug Response

Describe mechanisms of tolerance.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

D.viiVariability in Drug Response

Outline genetic variability, mechanisms, and significance of pharmacogenetic disorders. (e.g., malignant hyperthermia, porphyria, atypical cholinesterase, and disturbance of…

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

D.viiiVariability in Drug Response

Describe isomerism and outline the clinical importance of isomerism, providing examples.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

E · Cellular Physiology

4 objectives · 12 SAQ appearances · 4 VIVA stations

E.iCellular Physiology

Describe the cell membrane, nucleus and cellular organelles and their properties.

3 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

E.iiCellular Physiology

Explain mechanisms of transport of substances across cell membranes, including an understanding of the Gibbs-Donnan effect.

8 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

E.iiiCellular Physiology

Outline the role of cellular receptors and the function of secondary messengers.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

E.ivCellular Physiology

Describe the composition and control of intracellular fluid and the mechanisms by which cells maintain homeostasis and integrity.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

F · Respiratory System

55 objectives · 140 SAQ appearances · 147 VIVA stations

3 objectives · 14 SAQ appearances · 6 VIVA stations

F1.iAnatomy of the Respiratory System

Describe the structure and function of the upper airway, lower airway, and alveolus.

12 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

F1.iiAnatomy of the Respiratory System

Describe the structure of the chest wall and diaphragm and relate this to respiratory mechanics.

2 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

F1.iiiAnatomy of the Respiratory System

Outline the anatomy of the pulmonary and bronchial circulations.

No SAQ history 2 VIVA stations

1 objective · 9 SAQ appearances · 3 VIVA stations

F2.iControl of ventilation

Describe the control of breathing.

9 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

11 objectives · 15 SAQ appearances · 28 VIVA stations

F3.iMechanics of Breathing

Describe the inspiratory and expiratory processes involving the chest wall, diaphragm, pleura, and lung parenchyma.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

F3.iiMechanics of Breathing

Understand compliance (static, dynamic, and specific) and its measurement.

6 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

F3.iiiMechanics of Breathing

Relate compliance to the elastic properties of the respiratory system.

No SAQ history 3 VIVA stations

F3.ivMechanics of Breathing

Describe the pressure volume relationships in the respiratory system.

No SAQ history 4 VIVA stations

F3.vMechanics of Breathing

Explain the concept of time constants.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

F3.viMechanics of Breathing

Explain the significance of the vertical gradient of pleural pressure and the effect of positioning.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

F3.viiMechanics of Breathing

Describe the pressure-flow and flow-volume relationships of the lung.

No SAQ history 2 VIVA stations

F3.viiiMechanics of Breathing

Describe the factors affecting airway resistance and its measurement.

4 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

F3.ixMechanics of Breathing

Explain the relationship between resistance and respiratory gas flow.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

F3.xMechanics of Breathing

Describe the production, properties, and role of surfactant.

1 SAQ appearance 1 VIVA station

F3.xiMechanics of Breathing

Describe the work of breathing and its components.

2 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

4 objectives · 7 SAQ appearances · 15 VIVA stations

F4.iPulmonary Gas Volumes

State the normal values of lung volumes and capacities.

No SAQ history 6 VIVA stations

F4.iiPulmonary Gas Volumes

Explain the factors that influence lung volumes and capacities.

3 SAQ appearances 6 VIVA stations

F4.iiiPulmonary Gas Volumes

Explain the measurement of lung volumes and capacities.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

F4.ivPulmonary Gas Volumes

Define closing capacity, describe the factors that alter closing capacity, its clinical significance and measurement.

2 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

3 objectives · 7 SAQ appearances · 6 VIVA stations

F5.iPulmonary Circulation

Describe the anatomical and physiological features of the pulmonary circulation.

4 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

F5.iiPulmonary Circulation

Understand pulmonary vascular resistance and the factors that affect this.

2 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

F5.iiiPulmonary Circulation

Understand the differences between the pulmonary and systemic circulation.

1 SAQ appearance 2 VIVA stations

6 objectives · 9 SAQ appearances · 17 VIVA stations

F6.iVentilation-Perfusion Relationships

Describe the concepts of global and regional ventilation and perfusion and the factors that affect these.

No SAQ history 3 VIVA stations

F6.iiVentilation-Perfusion Relationships

Describe West's zones of the lung and explain the mechanisms responsible for them.

1 SAQ appearance 3 VIVA stations

F6.iiiVentilation-Perfusion Relationships

Explain ventilation-perfusion matching and mismatching. Explain the effect of ventilation - perfusion mismatch on oxygen transfer and carbon dioxide elimination.

3 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

F6.ivVentilation-Perfusion Relationships

Define dead space and its components. Explain how these may be measured and describe the physiological impact of increased dead space.

3 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

F6.vVentilation-Perfusion Relationships

Explain the concept of shunt, its physiological effects, and its measurement.

No SAQ history 2 VIVA stations

F6.viVentilation-Perfusion Relationships

Explain venous admixture, its relationship to shunt and ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

5 objectives · 6 SAQ appearances · 12 VIVA stations

F7.iDiffusive Transfer of Respiratory Gases

Describe and explain the oxygen cascade.

2 SAQ appearances 10 VIVA stations

F7.iiDiffusive Transfer of Respiratory Gases

Describe the movement of carbon dioxide from the cell to the atmosphere.

No SAQ history 2 VIVA stations

F7.iiiDiffusive Transfer of Respiratory Gases

Explain perfusion-limited and diffusion-limited transfer of gases.

3 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

F7.ivDiffusive Transfer of Respiratory Gases

Define diffusing capacity and its measurement.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

F7.vDiffusive Transfer of Respiratory Gases

Describe the role of endogenous nitric oxide in ventilation and perfusion.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

6 objectives · 15 SAQ appearances · 9 VIVA stations

F8.iGas Transport in the Blood

Describe the carriage of oxygen in blood.

5 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

F8.iiGas Transport in the Blood

Explain the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve and factors that may alter it.

1 SAQ appearance 2 VIVA stations

F8.iiiGas Transport in the Blood

Describe the carriage of carbon dioxide in blood.

9 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

F8.ivGas Transport in the Blood

Explain the carbon dioxide dissociation curve.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

F8.vGas Transport in the Blood

Describe the oxygen and carbon dioxide stores in the body.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

F8.viGas Transport in the Blood

Describe the physiology of foetal haemoglobin.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

3 objectives · 1 SAQ appearance · 5 VIVA stations

F9.iPulmonary Function Tests and Equations

Describe the measurement and interpretation of pulmonary function tests.

1 SAQ appearance 4 VIVA stations

F9.iiPulmonary Function Tests and Equations

Describe the carbon dioxide and oxygen response curves and how these may be used to assess the control of breathing.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

F9.iiiPulmonary Function Tests and Equations

Understand respiratory equations that describe ventilation, perfusion, blood flow and respiratory mechanics.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

6 objectives · 17 SAQ appearances · 16 VIVA stations

F10.iApplied Respiratory Physiology

Describe the physiological consequences of intermittent positive pressure ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure.

5 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

F10.iiApplied Respiratory Physiology

Explain the physiological effects of hyperoxia, hypoxaemia, hypercapnia and hypocapnia.

6 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

F10.iiiApplied Respiratory Physiology

Explain the effect of changes in posture on ventilatory function.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

F10.ivApplied Respiratory Physiology

Define humidification, outline the mechanisms of humidification and its importance.

3 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

F10.vApplied Respiratory Physiology

Explain the pathways and importance of the cough reflex.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

F10.viApplied Respiratory Physiology

Outline the non-ventilatory functions of the lungs.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

3 objectives · 15 SAQ appearances · 7 VIVA stations

F11.iRespiratory Pharmacology and Therapeutic Gases

Describe the pharmacology of oxygen.

4 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

F11.iiRespiratory Pharmacology and Therapeutic Gases

Describe the pharmacology of anti-asthma drugs.

8 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

F11.iiiRespiratory Pharmacology and Therapeutic Gases

Outline the pharmacology of drugs used to treat acute pulmonary hypertension.

3 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

4 objectives · 25 SAQ appearances · 23 VIVA stations

F12.iRespiratory Measurement

Describe the principles of pulse and tissue oximetry, co-oximetry including calibration, sources of errors and limitations.

11 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

F12.iiRespiratory Measurement

Describe the principles of capnography, including calibration, sources of errors limitations.

12 SAQ appearances 6 VIVA stations

F12.iiiRespiratory Measurement

Describe the methods of measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide tension in blood.

2 SAQ appearances 9 VIVA stations

F12.ivRespiratory Measurement

Describe the principles of measuring oxygen concentration.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

G · Cardiovascular System

32 objectives · 150 SAQ appearances · 159 VIVA stations

6 objectives · 8 SAQ appearances · 11 VIVA stations

G1.iStructure and Function of the Heart

Describe the anatomy of the heart including the chambers, valves, pericardium, and the orientation of the heart.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

G1.iiStructure and Function of the Heart

Describe the coronary circulation and its regulation.

5 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

G1.iiiStructure and Function of the Heart

Describe the structure and functional significance of the excitatory, conductive, and contractile elements of the heart.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

G1.ivStructure and Function of the Heart

Describe the normal pressure and flow patterns of the cardiac cycle.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

G1.vStructure and Function of the Heart

Describe the foetal circulation.

1 SAQ appearance 3 VIVA stations

G1.viStructure and Function of the Heart

Describe the circulatory and respiratory changes that occur at birth.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

3 objectives · 14 SAQ appearances · 15 VIVA stations

G2.iElectrical Properties of the Heart

Explain the ionic basis of spontaneous electrical activity of cardiac muscle cells.

No SAQ history 5 VIVA stations

G2.iiElectrical Properties of the Heart

Describe the normal processes of cardiac excitation and electrical activity.

8 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

G2.iiiElectrical Properties of the Heart

Correlate the mechanical events of the cardiac cycle with the physical, electrical, and ionic events.

6 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

7 objectives · 25 SAQ appearances · 43 VIVA stations

G3.iDeterminants and Control of Cardiac Output

Explain the Frank-Starling mechanism and its relationship to excitation-contraction coupling.

No SAQ history 2 VIVA stations

G3.iiDeterminants and Control of Cardiac Output

Explain the measurement of central venous pressure, the components of its waveform and the factors that determine its magnitude.

2 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

G3.iiiDeterminants and Control of Cardiac Output

Define the components and determinants of cardiac output including the effects of positive pressure ventilation.

17 SAQ appearances 11 VIVA stations

G3.ivDeterminants and Control of Cardiac Output

Describe myocardial oxygen demand and supply and the conditions that may alter each.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

G3.vDeterminants and Control of Cardiac Output

Describe and explain cardiac output curves, vascular function curves and their correlation.

No SAQ history 4 VIVA stations

G3.viDeterminants and Control of Cardiac Output

Describe the pressure-volume relationships of the ventricles and their clinical applications.

2 SAQ appearances 14 VIVA stations

G3.viiDeterminants and Control of Cardiac Output

Describe the cardiac reflexes.

2 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

7 objectives · 7 SAQ appearances · 9 VIVA stations

G4.iThe Peripheral Circulation

Describe the essential features of the micro-circulation including fluid exchange and its control mechanisms.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

G4.iiThe Peripheral Circulation

Describe the distribution of the blood volume and flow in the various regional circulations and explain the factors that influence them, including autoregulation.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

G4.iiiThe Peripheral Circulation

These include but are not limited to the cerebral and spinal cord, hepatic, and splanchnic, coronary, renal, and utero-placental circulations.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

G4.ivThe Peripheral Circulation

Explain the factors that determine systemic blood pressure and its regulation.

2 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

G4.vThe Peripheral Circulation

Describe the physiological factors that may contribute to pulse variations in blood pressure.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

G4.viThe Peripheral Circulation

Describe total peripheral vascular resistance and the factors that affect it.

3 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

G4.viiThe Peripheral Circulation

Describe the factors that affect venous oxygen saturation.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

2 objectives · 24 SAQ appearances · 16 VIVA stations

G5.iApplied Cardiovascular Physiology

Explain the cardiovascular responses to changes in posture, hypovolaemia, a fluid bolus, anaemia, exercise, and aging.

18 SAQ appearances 12 VIVA stations

G5.iiApplied Cardiovascular Physiology

Explain the physiological consequences of intermittent positive pressure ventilation, positive end-expiratory pressure (see also F10 i.) and the Valsalva manoeuvre.

6 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

3 objectives · 15 SAQ appearances · 28 VIVA stations

G6.iCardiovascular Measurement

Describe the principles behind the electrocardiogram (ECG).

4 SAQ appearances 12 VIVA stations

G6.iiCardiovascular Measurement

Describe the invasive and non-invasive measurement of blood pressure, including limitations, potential sources of error and the need for calibration.

8 SAQ appearances 11 VIVA stations

G6.iiiCardiovascular Measurement

Describe the methods of measurement of cardiac output including limitations, potential sources of error, the need for calibration and the values obtained.

3 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

4 objectives · 57 SAQ appearances · 37 VIVA stations

G7.iCardiovascular Pharmacology

Understand the pharmacology of inotropes and vasopressors.

23 SAQ appearances 14 VIVA stations

G7.iiCardiovascular Pharmacology

Understand the pharmacology of anti-hypertensive drugs.

13 SAQ appearances 10 VIVA stations

G7.iiiCardiovascular Pharmacology

Understand the pharmacology of anti-arrhythmic drugs.

13 SAQ appearances 13 VIVA stations

G7.ivCardiovascular Pharmacology

Understand the pharmacology of anti-anginal drugs.

8 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

H · Renal System

11 objectives · 63 SAQ appearances · 59 VIVA stations

6 objectives · 45 SAQ appearances · 40 VIVA stations

H1.iRenal Physiology

Describe the functional anatomy of the kidneys.

3 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

H1.iiRenal Physiology

Describe renal blood flow and its regulation.

7 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

H1.iiiRenal Physiology

Describe glomerular filtration and tubular function.

23 SAQ appearances 22 VIVA stations

H1.ivRenal Physiology

Explain the counter-current mechanisms in the kidney.

6 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

H1.vRenal Physiology

Describe the functions of the kidney.

5 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

H1.viRenal Physiology

Describe the physiological effects of renal dysfunction.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

1 objective · 4 SAQ appearances · 2 VIVA stations

H2.iApplied Renal Physiology

Describe the principles of dialysis and filtration.

4 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

2 objectives · 9 SAQ appearances · 14 VIVA stations

H3.iRenal Pharmacology

Understand the pharmacology of diuretics.

9 SAQ appearances 14 VIVA stations

H3.iiRenal Pharmacology

Understand the pharmacology of renal replacement fluid.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

2 objectives · 5 SAQ appearances · 3 VIVA stations

H4.iRenal Measurement

Describe the principles of measurement of glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

H4.iiRenal Measurement

Describe the utility of biochemical estimates of renal function (including but not limited to the measurement of serum creatinine, cystatin C and estimates of Creatinine Clea…

3 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

I · Body Fluids and Electrolytes

7 objectives · 41 SAQ appearances · 52 VIVA stations

4 objectives · 31 SAQ appearances · 37 VIVA stations

I1.iPhysiology of Body Fluids and Electrolytes

Explain the composition, distribution, and movement of body fluids.

5 SAQ appearances 6 VIVA stations

I1.iiPhysiology of Body Fluids and Electrolytes

Define osmosis, colloid osmotic pressure and reflection coefficients and explain the factors that determine them.

No SAQ history 9 VIVA stations

I1.iiiPhysiology of Body Fluids and Electrolytes

Describe the distribution, regulation and physiological importance of sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphate ions.

26 SAQ appearances 22 VIVA stations

I1.ivPhysiology of Body Fluids and Electrolytes

Outline the composition, circulation, and functions of lymph.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

1 objective · 10 SAQ appearances · 6 VIVA stations

I2.iIntravenous Fluids

Understand the pharmacology of colloids and crystalloids.

10 SAQ appearances 6 VIVA stations

2 objectives · 0 SAQ appearances · 9 VIVA stations

I3.iMeasurement of Body Fluids

Describe the regulation of osmolality and outline its measurement.

No SAQ history 9 VIVA stations

I3.iiMeasurement of Body Fluids

Describe the principles of estimating body fluid compartments.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

J · Acid Base

6 objectives · 14 SAQ appearances · 52 VIVA stations

4 objectives · 12 SAQ appearances · 25 VIVA stations

J1.iAcid Base Physiology

Explain the principles underlying acid-base chemistry.

4 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

J1.iiAcid Base Physiology

Explain the physiological basis to clinical acid-base disturbances.

1 SAQ appearance 3 VIVA stations

J1.iiiAcid Base Physiology

Describe the chemistry of buffer mechanisms and explain their roles in the body.

6 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

J1.ivAcid Base Physiology

Explain the Henderson-Hasselbach (traditional) and the Stewart (physico-chemical) approach to acid-base.

1 SAQ appearance 10 VIVA stations

2 objectives · 2 SAQ appearances · 27 VIVA stations

J2.iAcid Base Measurement

Interpret normal and abnormal arterial blood gases and differentiate arterial from venous blood gases.

No SAQ history 27 VIVA stations

J2.iiAcid Base Measurement

Describe the methods of measurement of pH in blood.

2 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

K · Nervous System – Including Pain

15 objectives · 110 SAQ appearances · 107 VIVA stations

7 objectives · 36 SAQ appearances · 39 VIVA stations

K1.iNervous System Physiology

Describe the anatomy of cranial nerves relevant to brainstem reflexes.

2 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

K1.iiNervous System Physiology

Explain the determinants of intra-cranial pressure.

6 SAQ appearances 7 VIVA stations

K1.iiiNervous System Physiology

Describe the anatomy and regulation of cerebral circulation.

11 SAQ appearances 17 VIVA stations

K1.ivNervous System Physiology

Describe the physiology of cerebrospinal fluid.

11 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

K1.vNervous System Physiology

Describe the major sensory and motor pathways (including anatomy) from the periphery to cortex.

3 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

K1.viNervous System Physiology

Explain the basic electro-physiology of neural tissue, including conduction of nerve impulses and synaptic function.

3 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

K1.viiNervous System Physiology

Describe the major neurotransmitters and their physiological role, with particular reference to excitatory and inhibitory amino acids (including those acting on the NMDA rece…

No SAQ history 4 VIVA stations

4 objectives · 37 SAQ appearances · 29 VIVA stations

K2.iPharmacology Related to the Nervous System

Understand the pharmacology of sedating drugs.

17 SAQ appearances 16 VIVA stations

K2.iiPharmacology Related to the Nervous System

Understand the pharmacology of local anaesthetic drugs.

7 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

K2.iiiPharmacology Related to the Nervous System

Understand the pharmacology of anti-convulsant drugs.

8 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

K2.ivPharmacology Related to the Nervous System

Understand the pharmacology of anti-depressant and anti-psychotic drugs.

5 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

1 objective · 6 SAQ appearances · 12 VIVA stations

K3.iPain Physiology

Describe the physiology of pain, including peripheral nociception, conduction, receptors, mediators and pathways, spinal cord modulation and central processing of pain.

6 SAQ appearances 12 VIVA stations

2 objectives · 27 SAQ appearances · 27 VIVA stations

K4.iPain Pharmacology

Describe the pharmacology of drugs used to treat pain.

24 SAQ appearances 22 VIVA stations

K4.iiPain Pharmacology

Outline the classification, structure and distribution of opioid receptors and NMDA receptors.

3 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

1 objective · 4 SAQ appearances · 0 VIVA stations

K5.iNervous System Measurement

Describe the measurement of intracranial pressure.

4 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

L · Musculoskeletal System

8 objectives · 24 SAQ appearances · 32 VIVA stations

6 objectives · 10 SAQ appearances · 13 VIVA stations

L1.iMusculoskeletal System Physiology

Describe the anatomy and physiology of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.

4 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

L1.iiMusculoskeletal System Physiology

Describe the physiology of the neuromuscular junction and its receptors.

2 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

L1.iiiMusculoskeletal System Physiology

Describe the mechanism of excitation-contraction coupling.

3 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

L1.ivMusculoskeletal System Physiology

Describe the relationship between muscle length and tension.

1 SAQ appearance 1 VIVA station

L1.vMusculoskeletal System Physiology

Explain the concept of motor units.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

L1.viMusculoskeletal System Physiology

Describe the monosynaptic stretch reflex, single twitch, and tetanus.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

1 objective · 14 SAQ appearances · 14 VIVA stations

L2.iMusculoskeletal System Pharmacology

Understand the pharmacology of neuromuscular blocking drugs and reversal agents.

14 SAQ appearances 14 VIVA stations

1 objective · 0 SAQ appearances · 5 VIVA stations

L3.iNeuromuscular Measurement and Monitoring

Describe the monitoring of neuromuscular blockade.

No SAQ history 5 VIVA stations

M · Autonomic Nervous System

4 objectives · 15 SAQ appearances · 14 VIVA stations

1 objective · 10 SAQ appearances · 9 VIVA stations

M1.iPhysiology of the Autonomic Nervous System

Describe the autonomic nervous system including anatomy, receptors and their subtypes and transmitters (including their synthesis, release, and fate).

10 SAQ appearances 9 VIVA stations

3 objectives · 5 SAQ appearances · 5 VIVA stations

M2.iPharmacology of the Autonomic Nervous System

Understand the pharmacology of drugs acting upon the autonomic nervous system.

5 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

M2.iiPharmacology of the Autonomic Nervous System

Describe the structure activity relationships of adrenergic and cholinergic drugs.

No SAQ history 3 VIVA stations

M2.iiiPharmacology of the Autonomic Nervous System

Outline the mechanisms by which drugs may affect neurotransmission and noradrenaline effect at the sympathetic nerve terminal.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

N · Liver

5 objectives · 21 SAQ appearances · 21 VIVA stations

4 objectives · 19 SAQ appearances · 21 VIVA stations

N1.iLiver Physiology

Describe the functions of the liver.

11 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

N1.iiLiver Physiology

Describe the functional anatomy of the liver.

No SAQ history 9 VIVA stations

N1.iiiLiver Physiology

Describe liver blood supply and its regulation.

5 SAQ appearances 6 VIVA stations

N1.ivLiver Physiology

Describe the physiology of bile.

3 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

1 objective · 2 SAQ appearances · 0 VIVA stations

N2.iLiver Measurement

Describe the laboratory assessment of liver function.

2 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

O · Gastrointestinal System

9 objectives · 33 SAQ appearances · 24 VIVA stations

5 objectives · 18 SAQ appearances · 13 VIVA stations

O1.iGastrointestinal Physiology

Describe the composition, volumes, and regulation of gastrointestinal secretions.

6 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

O1.iiGastrointestinal Physiology

Describe the control of gastrointestinal motility, including (oesophageal) sphincter function.

10 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

O1.iiiGastrointestinal Physiology

Outline the digestion and absorption of fat, protein, and carbohydrates.

No SAQ history 4 VIVA stations

O1.ivGastrointestinal Physiology

Outline the absorption of water, electrolytes, and vitamins.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

O1.vGastrointestinal Physiology

Outline the gastrointestinal blood supply.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

4 objectives · 15 SAQ appearances · 11 VIVA stations

O2.iGastrointestinal Pharmacology

Describe the pharmacology of aperients, laxatives and drugs that affect gastrointestinal motility.

No SAQ history 4 VIVA stations

O2.iiGastrointestinal Pharmacology

Describe the pharmacology of drugs that influence gastric fluid pH and volume.

12 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

O2.iiiGastrointestinal Pharmacology

Describe the pharmacology of drugs with anti-emetic activity.

No SAQ history 2 VIVA stations

O2.ivGastrointestinal Pharmacology

Describe the pharmacology of octreotide, vasopressin and terlipressin.

3 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

P · Nutrition and Metabolism

6 objectives · 27 SAQ appearances · 22 VIVA stations

P.iNutrition and Metabolism

Describe the normal nutritional requirements, including vitamins and trace elements.

2 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

P.iiNutrition and Metabolism

Describe the physiology of fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism.

11 SAQ appearances 10 VIVA stations

P.iiiNutrition and Metabolism

Define basal metabolic rate and outline the factors that influence it.

3 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

P.ivNutrition and Metabolism

Describe the measurement of metabolic rate.

3 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

P.vNutrition and Metabolism

Describe anaerobic metabolism and ketone production.

5 SAQ appearances 6 VIVA stations

P.viNutrition and Metabolism

Describe the pharmacology of enteral and parenteral nutrition.

3 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

Q · Haematological System

12 objectives · 60 SAQ appearances · 56 VIVA stations

6 objectives · 28 SAQ appearances · 36 VIVA stations

Q1.iPhysiology of Haematological System

Outline the physiological production of blood and its constituents.

12 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

Q1.iiPhysiology of Haematological System

Explain the major blood groups and the principles of cross matching.

3 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

Q1.iiiPhysiology of Haematological System

Outline the constituents and functions of plasma.

2 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

Q1.ivPhysiology of Haematological System

Describe the process and regulation of haemostasis, coagulation, and fibrinolysis.

9 SAQ appearances 17 VIVA stations

Q1.vPhysiology of Haematological System

Describe the mechanisms of preventing thrombosis including endothelial factors and natural anticoagulants.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

Q1.viPhysiology of Haematological System

Explain the physiological consequences of acute and chronic anaemia.

2 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

1 objective · 23 SAQ appearances · 8 VIVA stations

Q2.iPharmacology of Haematological System

Understand the pharmacology of anti-coagulants, anti-platelet drugs, thrombolytic drugs, and anti-fibrinolytic drugs.

23 SAQ appearances 8 VIVA stations

2 objectives · 2 SAQ appearances · 4 VIVA stations

Q3.iMeasurement of Haematological System

Outline the methods for assessing coagulation (including TEG and ROTEM).

2 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

Q3.iiMeasurement of Haematological System

Outline the methods for assessing platelet function and fibrinolysis.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

3 objectives · 7 SAQ appearances · 8 VIVA stations

Q4.iBlood and Blood Products

Understand the pharmacology of blood and its components, including individual factor replacement.

2 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

Q4.iiBlood and Blood Products

Understand the adverse consequences of blood transfusion, including that of massive blood transfusion and storage lesions.

5 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

Q4.iiiBlood and Blood Products

Understand the process of collection and production of blood and its components.

No SAQ history 3 VIVA stations

R · Thermoregulation

5 objectives · 16 SAQ appearances · 13 VIVA stations

4 objectives · 14 SAQ appearances · 8 VIVA stations

R1.iTemperature Physiology

Define heat and temperature.

No SAQ history 3 VIVA stations

R1.iiTemperature Physiology

Outline the mechanisms for heat transfer between the body and its environment.

4 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

R1.iiiTemperature Physiology

Explain the mechanisms by which normal body temperature is maintained and regulated.

5 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

R1.ivTemperature Physiology

Explain the physiological responses to hypothermia and hyperthermia.

5 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

1 objective · 2 SAQ appearances · 5 VIVA stations

R2.iTemperature Measurement

Describe the measurement of body temperature.

2 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

S · Immunology and Host Defence

4 objectives · 13 SAQ appearances · 10 VIVA stations

3 objectives · 13 SAQ appearances · 10 VIVA stations

S1.iPhysiology of Immunology and Host Defence

Explain the immunological basis of hypersensitivity including anaphylaxis.

6 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

S1.iiPhysiology of Immunology and Host Defence

Describe the factors involved in the process of inflammation and the immune response, including innate and acquired immunity.

7 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

S1.iiiPhysiology of Immunology and Host Defence

Outline the non-immune host defences used to defend against infection.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

1 objective · 0 SAQ appearances · 0 VIVA stations

S2.iPharmacology Related to Immunology

Understand the pharmacology of Human Immunoglobulin.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

T · Microbiology

6 objectives · 33 SAQ appearances · 27 VIVA stations

3 objectives · 11 SAQ appearances · 13 VIVA stations

T1.iGeneral Microbiology

Describe the classification of bacterium.

4 SAQ appearances 9 VIVA stations

T1.iiGeneral Microbiology

Describe the principles of anti-microbial resistance.

6 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

T1.iiiGeneral Microbiology

Broadly outline the classification of viruses and fungi.

1 SAQ appearance 1 VIVA station

3 objectives · 22 SAQ appearances · 14 VIVA stations

T2.iAntimicrobial Pharmacology

Describe the classification and pharmacology of antibacterial agents.

17 SAQ appearances 14 VIVA stations

T2.iiAntimicrobial Pharmacology

Describe the classification and pharmacology of antiviral and antifungal agents.

4 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

T2.iiiAntimicrobial Pharmacology

Outline the pharmacology of antiseptics and disinfectants.

1 SAQ appearance No VIVA history

U · Endocrine System

14 objectives · 42 SAQ appearances · 54 VIVA stations

7 objectives · 26 SAQ appearances · 41 VIVA stations

U1.iEndocrine Physiology

Describe the exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas.

4 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

U1.iiEndocrine Physiology

Describe the physiology of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin.

1 SAQ appearance 9 VIVA stations

U1.iiiEndocrine Physiology

Describe the control of blood glucose.

4 SAQ appearances 14 VIVA stations

U1.ivEndocrine Physiology

Describe the control, secretions and functions of the pituitary and the hypothalamus.

5 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

U1.vEndocrine Physiology

Describe the control, secretions, and functions of the thyroid.

3 SAQ appearances 6 VIVA stations

U1.viEndocrine Physiology

Describe the control, secretions, and functions of renal and adrenal hormones.

5 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

U1.viiEndocrine Physiology

Describe the control of plasma calcium.

4 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

7 objectives · 16 SAQ appearances · 13 VIVA stations

U2.iEndocrine Pharmacology

Understand the pharmacology of glucocorticoids.

6 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

U2.iiEndocrine Pharmacology

Understand the pharmacology of insulin preparations.

1 SAQ appearance 4 VIVA stations

U2.iiiEndocrine Pharmacology

Understand the pharmacology of oral hypoglycaemic drugs.

3 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

U2.ivEndocrine Pharmacology

Understand the pharmacology of thyroid hormones.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

U2.vEndocrine Pharmacology

Understand the pharmacology of mineralocorticoids.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

U2.viEndocrine Pharmacology

Outline the pharmacology of glucagon.

No SAQ history 1 VIVA station

U2.viiEndocrine Pharmacology

Understand the pharmacology of vasopressin and its analogues.

6 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

V · Obstetrics

7 objectives · 28 SAQ appearances · 21 VIVA stations

5 objectives · 25 SAQ appearances · 20 VIVA stations

V1.iObstetric Physiology

Explain the physiological changes during pregnancy and parturition.

17 SAQ appearances 5 VIVA stations

V1.iiObstetric Physiology

Outline the functions of the placenta and the determinants of placental blood flow.

3 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

V1.iiiObstetric Physiology

Describe the transfer of nutrients, drugs and gases between mother and foetus including the double Bohr and Haldane effects.

4 SAQ appearances 6 VIVA stations

V1.ivObstetric Physiology

Describe the transition from foetal to neonatal circulation and the establishment of ventilation.

1 SAQ appearance 5 VIVA stations

V1.vObstetric Physiology

Describe the physiological consequences of changes in posture during pregnancy including the consequences of aorto-caval compression.

No SAQ history No VIVA history

2 objectives · 3 SAQ appearances · 1 VIVA station

V2.iObstetric Pharmacology

Describe the pharmacology of oxytocic drugs.

1 SAQ appearance 1 VIVA station

V2.iiObstetric Pharmacology

Describe the pharmacology tocolytic drugs.

2 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

W · Principles of Measurement and Equipment

4 objectives · 6 SAQ appearances · 11 VIVA stations

W.iPrinciples of Measurement and Equipment

Describe the laws governing the behaviour of gases and liquid.

2 SAQ appearances 2 VIVA stations

W.iiPrinciples of Measurement and Equipment

Outline oxygen delivery devices (including high flow oxygen).

No SAQ history 6 VIVA stations

W.iiiPrinciples of Measurement and Equipment

Outline the physical principles of ultrasound including transducer properties, image resolution and the Doppler Effect.

4 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

W.ivPrinciples of Measurement and Equipment

Explain the electrical concepts of current, potential difference, resistance, impedance, inductance, capacitance, frequency, and amplitude as they relate to biological signal…

No SAQ history No VIVA history

X · Procedural Anatomy

6 objectives · 29 SAQ appearances · 8 VIVA stations

X.iProcedural Anatomy

Describe the anatomy relevant to central venous access (including femoral, internal jugular, external jugular, subclavian and peripheral veins).

10 SAQ appearances 4 VIVA stations

X.iiProcedural Anatomy

Describe the anatomy relevant to the insertion of an arterial line into a radial or femoral artery.

2 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

X.iiiProcedural Anatomy

Describe the anatomy relevant to the insertion of an intercostal catheter.

4 SAQ appearances 1 VIVA station

X.ivProcedural Anatomy

Describe the anatomy relevant to the performance of endotracheal intubation, a cricothyroidotomy and a tracheostomy.

7 SAQ appearances 3 VIVA stations

X.vProcedural Anatomy

Describe the anatomy of the bronchial tree relevant to bronchoscopy.

2 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

X.viProcedural Anatomy

Describe the anatomy relevant to the performance of a lumbar puncture.

4 SAQ appearances No VIVA history

First Part Syllabus

A · Pharmaceutics

▾ Pharmaceutics

B · Pharmacokinetics

▾ Pharmacokinetics

C · Pharmacodynamics

▾ Pharmacodynamics

D · Variability in Drug Response

▾ Variability in Drug Response

E · Cellular Physiology

▾ Cellular Physiology

F · Respiratory System

▾ F1 · Anatomy of the Respiratory System

▾ F2 · Control of ventilation

▾ F3 · Mechanics of Breathing

▾ F4 · Pulmonary Gas Volumes

▾ F5 · Pulmonary Circulation

▾ F6 · Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

▾ F7 · Diffusive Transfer of Respiratory Gases

▾ F8 · Gas Transport in the Blood

▾ F9 · Pulmonary Function Tests and Equations

▾ F10 · Applied Respiratory Physiology

▾ F11 · Respiratory Pharmacology and Therapeutic Gases

▾ F12 · Respiratory Measurement

G · Cardiovascular System

▾ G1 · Structure and Function of the Heart

▾ G2 · Electrical Properties of the Heart

▾ G3 · Determinants and Control of Cardiac Output

▾ G4 · The Peripheral Circulation

▾ G5 · Applied Cardiovascular Physiology

▾ G6 · Cardiovascular Measurement

▾ G7 · Cardiovascular Pharmacology

H · Renal System

▾ H1 · Renal Physiology

▾ H2 · Applied Renal Physiology

▾ H3 · Renal Pharmacology

▾ H4 · Renal Measurement

I · Body Fluids and Electrolytes

▾ I1 · Physiology of Body Fluids and Electrolytes

▾ I2 · Intravenous Fluids

▾ I3 · Measurement of Body Fluids

J · Acid Base

▾ J1 · Acid Base Physiology

▾ J2 · Acid Base Measurement

K · Nervous System – Including Pain

▾ K1 · Nervous System Physiology

▾ K2 · Pharmacology Related to the Nervous System

▾ K3 · Pain Physiology

▾ K4 · Pain Pharmacology

▾ K5 · Nervous System Measurement

L · Musculoskeletal System

▾ L1 · Musculoskeletal System Physiology

▾ L2 · Musculoskeletal System Pharmacology

▾ L3 · Neuromuscular Measurement and Monitoring

M · Autonomic Nervous System

▾ M1 · Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System

▾ M2 · Pharmacology of the Autonomic Nervous System

N · Liver

▾ N1 · Liver Physiology

▾ N2 · Liver Measurement

O · Gastrointestinal System

▾ O1 · Gastrointestinal Physiology

▾ O2 · Gastrointestinal Pharmacology

P · Nutrition and Metabolism

▾ Nutrition and Metabolism

Q · Haematological System

▾ Q1 · Physiology of Haematological System

▾ Q2 · Pharmacology of Haematological System

▾ Q3 · Measurement of Haematological System

▾ Q4 · Blood and Blood Products

R · Thermoregulation

▾ R1 · Temperature Physiology

▾ R2 · Temperature Measurement

S · Immunology and Host Defence

▾ S1 · Physiology of Immunology and Host Defence

▾ S2 · Pharmacology Related to Immunology

T · Microbiology

▾ T1 · General Microbiology

▾ T2 · Antimicrobial Pharmacology

U · Endocrine System