Pharmacopeia
DILTIAZEM
Core pharmacology
- Legacy Cicm Level
Level 3
- Introduction
Benzothiazepine
(Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker)- Indications Uses
It is used for angina and
hypertension- Presentation
sustained and immediate release oral formulations, 60-360mg
- Mechanism of action
Similar to the other Ca Channel blockers in terms of blood pressure.
- Physiological effects
Produces
more peripheral vasodilation than verapamil and more conduction delay than the
dihydropyridines such as nifedipine- Adverse Effects Toxicity
Peripheral oedema is a common side effect, 2-3 weeks post initiation of therapy.
Other side effects include ushing, vertigo, headaches, hypotension and
parathesias.- Protein binding
70% to 80%
- Volume of distribution
3-13 L/kg
- Metabolism
Hepatic active metabolites desacetyl-diltiazem
- Excretion
Urine ( 4% as unchanged, 7% as metab); faeces
- Half-life
3-4.5 hours (↑ in renal failure)
- Route And Dose
PO/IV 30-80mg TDS
- Onset Peak Duration
on/dur PO: 30-60 min; IV: 3 mins
Cardiovascular · Cardiovascular
- Class Group
(CCB) Ca channel blocker – Class III
Antiarrhythmic –
Vaughan Williams Class IV- Absorption
PO/IV.
BA 40% Well absorbed high -first pass metabolism
on/dur PO: 30-60 min; IV: 3 mins- Class Group
Antiarrhythmic –
Vaughan Williams Class IV(CCB) Ca channel blocker – Class III
- Absorption
PO/IV.
BA 40% Well absorbed high -first pass metabolism