Core pharmacology

Class Group

ANTIBIOTIC:
PENICILLIN

Legacy Cicm Level

Level 1

Introduction

Extended spectrum aminopenicillin

Mechanism of action

β lactam antibiotic
Binds to penicillin binding protein (transpeptidase) and
prevents crosslinking of bacterial peptidoglycan
impairs cell wall synthesis

Antimicrobial Spectrum

Gram +ve and some gram –ve cover
- Covers strep and enterococcus
- Variety of gram –ves including enterobacter, haemophilus, H. pylori
Covers listeria

Adverse Effects Toxicity

1. Cholestatic jaundice
2. Hypersensitivity
3. Maculopapular rash
4. Increased risk of C Dif
Interstitial nephritis

Absorption

Rapid oral absorption with 90/60% bioavailability

Protein binding

20% PB

Volume of distribution

Vd <1L/kg

Metabolism

Both metabolized in the liver, amoxicillin 30%, clavulonic acid 70%

Excretion

- High clearance (both 250ml/min)